chlorhexidine for interdigital cysts. 1 Animal Dermatology Clinic, Tustin, California, USA. chlorhexidine for interdigital cysts

 
 1 Animal Dermatology Clinic, Tustin, California, USAchlorhexidine for interdigital cysts  An interdigital cyst is an abscess that forms between the toes of a dog’s front paws

Areas of deep pyoderma develop between the toes, which can be single or multifocal. However, because the lesions are pyogranulomatous, it may be difficult for antibiotics to penetrate them; therefore, >8 wk of systemic antibiotic therapy may be. and P. These boils pop up as lumps in the webbing of the bulldog's foot and discharge fluid or pus if popped. . Vet Rec 2011; 169(10):249. Interdigital cysts usually appear as red nodules filled with blood and/or pus. These boils pop up as lumps in the webbing of the bulldog's foot and discharge fluid or pus if popped. Interdigital furuncles are deep pyoderma lesions that form between the toes of dogs. They are most commonly found on the front paws. Secondary infection is common. In order to better understand their etiology, we completed a retrospective analysis of epidemiologic factors by using the clinical records from 743 research Beagles at our research site. The cyst may be filled with pus or blood. Postoperative assessment was performed. Interdigital cysts can be quite painful for your pup, but The Best Dog Balm will soothe those cysts FAST! Just apply 1-2 times per day and your dog will than. Julie Buzby explains their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Put the dog on a diet to lower his. In conclusion, interdigital cysts in dogs are a complex health issue with various contributing factors, including the breed, weight, and environmental conditions of the dog, as well as underlying health conditions. It can be blistery and infected, painful, and difficult to walk on. I’m now just fighting the battle of these interdigital toe cysts. They are most commonly found on the front paws. The nodules are painful areas of pyogranulomatous inflammation. I've been using the liquid spray but decided to try the gel and I find it to last longer and keep the sensitive areas on their paws more moisturized. These lesions can be really painful, causing the dog to limp. Laser ablation of the cysts is an effective long-term Boots can be used to protect the foot outdoors until fully healed. They are sometimes called “paw cysts” because they usually form on the bottom or sides of the paws, but can also occur in other. 99 Chewy Price. 243 votes, 19 comments. It helps to enhance muscle growth while reducing flakiness. Endometrial tissue can attach to the. cyst cavity using the PAIR method. This can help to completely remove the affected tissue, but it also changes the normal structure of the paws. Hormonal disorders. Be careful not to further damage a wound if using on a dog's injury. It is very rare for a sebaceous cyst to become malignant, or cancerous. Unfortunately, they have a tendency of getting interdigital cysts. Chlorhexidine Diacetate 1% Topical Ointment (Vet) is a semi-solid formulation, dispensed in a tube for external application. com Diagnosis of Interdigital Furunculosis in Dogs. The cause is usually a traumatically ruptured hair fol-Octenidine dihydrochloride is a cationic surfactant used increasingly in Europe as an alternative to quaternaries, chlorhexidine, and iodophors for skin, mucous membrane, and wound antisepsis. 3. If severe, they may cause lameness. Chapter 8. It has a broad. Chlorhexidine Solution: Chlorhexidine solution is an antiseptic that can be diluted with water and used as a topical rinse or. 5 μg/ml). Your veterinarian will likely prescribe a combination of oral antibiotics and topical ointments/shampoos to resolve your dog's interdigital</b> <b>cysts</b>. 99. One dog was euthanized for orthopaedic lameness 1 month after laser surgery, but post-surgical follow-up (1. Paws before Paws before I followed BioStar’s advice: 1. It will be swollen and infected with bacteria. Welcome to /r/Bulldogs, a community for all types of Bulldog breeds. Since twice weekly. An interdigital cyst can cause itchiness as well as outright pain. alcoholic chlorhexidine (Ecolab Hydrex, clear Chlorhexidine gluconate 0. As well, if your pet has a interdigital cyst, I recommend soaking the affected paw twice daily in either: chlorhexidine, black tea, or the soak I mentioned above. Another common treatment includes foot baths. Other furuncle treatment measures, based on the underlying cause, can include: Allergy testing followed by removing allergens from environment. Dogs with interdigital cysts may limp on the affected foot. Interdigital furunculosis is a common multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the canine interdigital skin in which lesions commonly become secondarily infected. increase in tartar (calculus) on teeth. Rosenberg is one of very few dermatologists in the world who perform this surgery. These lesions are best controlled. The paw (s) may be inflamed only, or inflamed and infected with any combination of microbes. G. At present, it is believed that mucoid degeneration of connective tissue associated with proximal osteoarthritic changes is responsible for cyst formation. Matthew Galati. Proudly sourced directly from the manufacturer or their approved distributor. Interdigital cysts are chronic inflammatory lesions that can be found in dogs. Regularly cleaning and washing paws. Treating the secondary infections will often result in only a short to medium term resolution. tea tree oil for interdigital cyst. Intestinal Lymphangiectasia (Protein-losing Enteropathy) in Dogs. Interdigital cysts are typically associated with a bacterial infection. The MIC values of chlorhexidine against trophozoites and cysts were 0. One dog was euthanized for orthopaedic lameness 1 month after laser surgery, but post-surgical follow-up (1. Commonly seen between the toes as a raised, rosy, inflamed cystic, ulcerative lesion. And altho we call these fluid-filled irritations "cysts" I'm not sure if that's a true medical fact. Licensed Professional Price: $11. Interdigital furuncle. Specialty referral should be considered in cases of lymphedema, refractory tinea pedis, chronic dermopathies, venous insufficiency, or post-surgical cellulitis. Interdigital Cyst Question. 0 years – mean 3 years) from the remaining 27 dogs revealed that laser therapy of affected skin and adjacent hair follicles resulted in resolution of interdigital lesions in 25. Parotid cysts are also called parotid sialocele, which are parotid lesions with fluid content in the parotid glands. This is an automated general reminder to please follow The Sub Rules when discussing this question: . Regularly cleaning and washing paws. . They are most commonly found on the front paws. Acanthamoeba cysts have a cellulose cell wall made up of a solid layer of β-glucan, which confers resistance to the dormant phase of this microorganism. For furunculosis, the diagnosis is often based on clinical signs alone . Interdigital furuncles respond best to a combination of topical and systemic therapy. 04% chlorhexidine could undergo a median of 5 (IQR, 5–6) two-fold dilutions before losing cysticidal activity. BULLDOG INTERDIGITAL THERAPEUTICS BULLDOG INTERDIGITAL CYST / THERAPEUTIC TOPICAL ANTISEPTIC . This medication is gentle and readily accepted by most pets, relieving stress for you both. W. Interdigital cysts are fairly common in most breeds of dogs, especially those with longer hair between the pads of the feet. ChowChow. The cysts develop in-between the toes and can burst spontaneously and can lead to lameness. “Had to soak his paw in chlorhexidine solution because ha got a cyst under his paw that burst. Chlorhexidine gluconate (Chx-Glu) is an antiseptic agent with many attractive features for local therapy of intraabdominal infection. By understanding and treating these cysts promptly, you. If your dog’s interdigital cysts are due to trauma, your veterinarian may recommend altering your dog’s walking surface to minimize irritation to the paws. Furthermore, chorhexidine has been shown to be superior to ethyl lactate and benzoyl peroxide. com but there are. 05% combination) for hydatid cyst surgery [6]. Any condition that causes your dog to excessively lick his paws can also lead to the formation of interdigital cysts. 8442 out of 5 stars. Photo by Dr. Dogs affected by interdigital pyoderma were not. For instance, you’d find an interdigital cyst on the paw and a meibomian gland cyst on the eye. Interdigital cysts are large bumps, or nodules, between a dog’s toes. . Kraemer’s V 4 B Bully Antiseptic XL Skin Fold Wipes V 4 B Bully Antiseptic Skinfold rinse V 4 B Antiseptic Skinfold Spray V4B Antiseptic. Vet Rec 2011; 169(10):249. ; Nodules with or without fistulous tracts result. Melanoma: this is a type of s kin cancer on dogs which is most often caused by sunlight. Reply. They are most commonly seen in the webbing between the dog toes. Bulldogs May Have Interdigital Furuncles. 2% CHX mouthwash (Corsodyl TM) is available over the counter (OTC), as either an alcohol-containing or non-alcohol formulation. In almost all cases, and especially when caught early and properly treated, interdigital cysts will eventually subside and heal. Symptoms resolved after this course of treatment. testify of Christ! Menu. 2. Interdigital cysts usually appear as red nodules filled with blood and/or pus. Panolog Ointment, 15 ml. Treatment for this condition may involve the cysts being lanced and then anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs prescribed. All of my boxers, except the two I have now, have had problems with interdigital cysts and I've never heard this before. values of chlorhexidine against tro phozoites and cysts were 0. Below is a list of the best home treatments you can start doing today in order to minimize the pain for your dog: Soaking the dog’s paw in Epsom salts twice a day. abdomens using a 2-3% chlorhexidine shampoo on a washcloth, or a spray or wipe. This is done by soaking the pet's feet in warm water. Hi All, Im looking for some advice. The paw (s) may be inflamed only, or inflamed and infected with any combination of microbes. This affects the toes, and its actual name is the interdigital furuncle. Erythrasma is a chronic superficial infection of the intertriginous areas of the skin. You’ll tend to see one on larger breed dogs — Labrador or golden retrievers, English bulldogs, pit bull terriers. He is 9yrs old and it seems to be getting more frequent and serious each time. After that, she did. Thanks, Kris. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is beyond the scope of this blog but further information can be found. About three weeks ago it had started to enlarge and become painful. Disorders of a dog’s endocrine system can create a hormonal imbalance,. Interdigital furunculoses are abscesses or boils that grow in between your dog’s toes, on the webbing of their paws. Home treatment should not be attempted by novices, it is however a step available to those experienced in dogs and the possible repercussions of interdigital cysts. This naturally improves a dog’s skin by hydrating and providing relief. Interdigital follicular cysts are a common reason for a dog to be presented with lesions confined only to the feet. Kristianne Hannemann, PharmD. These types of cysts on dogs are typically firm and not easily moveable. They are usually benign and can disappear without treatment. Interdigital ‘cysts’ are a common, recurrent and painful problem in many dogs. Patients with interdigital intertrigo and comorbidities such as obesity or diabetes are at greater risk of cellulitis. Antibiotics may help the secondary infection which occurs after the cyst has ruptured, but improvement is usually only partial and temporary. Medicated wipes containing chlorhexidine may be helpful too. Over time, the hair follicle can actually burst, which can lead to a deep infection below the skin. Consult your vet if the infection persists. Description of the intervention. Your veterinarian may prescribe a medicated cleanser, such as one containing chlorhexidine, to clean the cyst and the skin around it. Wounds need to close from the inside out. Treatment of interdigital palmar and plantar comedones and follicular cysts can be successfully accomplished by laser therapy. Chlorhexidine gluconate (Chx-Glu) is an antiseptic agent with many attractive features for local therapy of intraabdominal infection. Whatever antibacterial ointment you choose to use should be fine as long as it has mineral oil or petroleum in it. What Are Interdigital Cysts? Interdigital cysts in dogs are sores or abscesses between the toes. Mix equal parts apple cider vinegar and water and apply the mixture to the affected area using a cotton ball or swab. Interdigital cysts usually appear as red nodules filled with blood and/or pus. When bacteria enter a hair follicle, the follicle becomes inflamed and swollen. In order to better understand their etiology, we completed a retrospective analysis of epidemiologic factors by using. The cyst doesnt. Wash should be left on the skin/hair for at least 30 seconds before rinsing and should not be vigorously scrubbed off. In symptomatic large vaginal cysts, surgical excision via vaginal approach is the recommended management with good anatomical results and patient satisfaction. Dogs affected by interdigital pyoderma were not. gill turner basketball; green anole black spots behind eyes; does iodine penetrate nails motiliumInterdigital cysts are firm, raised subcutane-ous inflammatory lesions found in and on the interdigital webs of the paw. Surgery completely removes the affected webbing and sutures the toes together for healing. have been taught that but my vet informed me the only thing it is good for is cleaning blood up off surfaces!Try using CHLORHEXIDINE SOLUTION irrigate it often def. We had him allergy tested and it turned out he was allergic to brewers yeast (in many kibbles) and dairy. unless there is an infection. Earth Clinic has several success stories of owners giving their dogs turmeric, an Indian spice known for helping fight infection, some forms of cancer and inflammation. Interdigital cysts are chronic inflammatory lesions that can be found in dogs. English Bulldog Interdigital Cysts Surgery Dilemma RX: Tramadol if he is limping from his cysts and that dosing is 2 tabs bid. Treatment includes antiseptic therapeutics (wipes, rinse. Clean affected areas, removing any encrusted discharge or exudate. These dogs will often have fever, loss of appetite, and malaise prior to the eruption of the lesions. Historically, skin fold dermatitis has been called skin fold pyoderma and classified as a type of superficial pyoderma. Here are some easy ways to treat them at home. He recently was diagnosed with a Mast Cell Tumor but it has been removed and an ultrasounds showed no other tumors. Interdigital cysts are large bumps, or nodules, between a dog’s toes. Intertrigo, or skin fold dermatitis, is caused by frictional trauma resulting in inflammation and/or microbial overgrowth of closely apposed skin surfaces. In severe cases, treatment is continued for four weeks after symptoms improve. Interdigital cysts usually appear as red nodules filled with blood and/or pus. Comparison of two formulations of chlorhexidine for treating canine superficial pyoderma. Due to limited space between the toes, the furuncle ruptures through the skin, leading to a draining tract. Keratinization is the process in which the protective outer layer of skin is being constantly renewed by new skin cells. Such dogs are prone to develop interdigital cysts. Business, Economics, and Finance. One or more nodules may be present and they are usually found in the dog’s front paws. (with disinfectants such as chlorhexidine). Discoloration. Here is the article I mentioned: Interdigital Cyst in Dogs: A Painful Bump Between Your Dog’s Toes. This allows for easy and precise application on the skin, providing targeted treatment for conditions such as folliculitis, pyoderma, dermatitis, otitis externa, and interdigital cysts in animals. Lera talks about interdigital cysts with Winston, a two-year-old male English Bulldog. Intertrigo, or skin fold dermatitis, is caused by frictional trauma resulting in inflammation and/or microbial overgrowth of closely apposed skin surfaces. The symptoms of canine pododermatitis include: Erythema (redness). They can also be called interdigital furuncles, follicular pododermatitis, or podofurunculosis. Then apply a small amount of hibiscrub mix to the affected area. But how long should it take to get better. (Interdigital Furunculosis) Cysts and clogged hair follicles (comedones) may be also occasionally seen in the webbing between a dog's toes. soak) – use once a week on body. 3. Your dog may need to wear an Elizabethan collar (the cone of shame!). Dogs who lick or chew on their paws can cause hair and skin irritation, resulting in interdigital cysts. Do not comment with anecdotes about your own or others' pets. 244 likes, 46 comments. Squish gets interdigital cysts once in a while. Water and further toweling are not required. Candelilla wax. PetCareRx. soak) – use once a week on paws, chins, armpits, underbelly, vetraseb medicated shampoo (10 min. 1% tacrolimus ointment (Protopic®) in canine atopic dermatitisRepeat the process 10 times, three times a day, for one week. Causes. They are beyond painful and so our vet prescribed the Silver. The cyst took months to heal, and yes, when we switched her kibble to a novel protein, the cyst slowly went away. Reviewed by: Ally Tsai, PharmD. Sponsor message; content continues afterward. 4% topical stannous fluoride gel for bacterial skin infections in horses; 0. They can also be called interdigital furuncles, follicular pododermatitis, or podofurunculosis. Proliferative Tissue Blocking Ear Removal - laser removal of tissues in the ear which allows some dogs to avoid a total ear canal ablation surgery. Interdigital cysts are common in some breeds of dog . . We have tried everything, chlorhexidine wipes, I tired boots/shoes (big fail). It is considered a safe and effective agent. Do not eat or drink for several hours after using the oral rinse. Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse therapy should be initiated directly following a dental prophylaxis. Seasonal allergies are an immune system response, and one of the best ways to keep your dog’s immune function optimal is by avoiding unnecessary vaccines and drugs. It helps to enhance muscle growth while reducing flakiness. The results indicated that interdigital pouch is present in the four limbs of sheep of both sexes. In general practice the term interdigital cyst is commonly used to describe a range of conditions affecting the feet. There is only one clinical study determined the efficacy of a scolicidal agent (cetrimide 0. The surgical techniques include surgical cyst removal, partial or total fusion podoplasty, and surgery using a carbon dioxide (CO 2) laser. Abstract. Intraosseous keratin cysts clinically present as expansile swellings. This condition is often misdiagnosed as a foreign body or a non-resolving pyoderma. Overview of Interdigital Furunculosis: Interdigital Furunculosis: Merck Veterinary Manual Background. The ability of Acanthamoeba to change to this dormant phase causes difficulties in treating its infection at the cyst stage as compared to the trophozoite stage. Comparison of two formulations of chlorhexidine for treating canine superficial pyoderma. A large percentage of cases of so -called “Interdigital Cysts” are caused by one or other of these conditions. They include: Wipes: medicated wipes have chlorhexidine in them which can be used on the skin. Interdigital cysts are chronic inflammatory lesions that can be. Interdigital cysts are typically associated with a bacterial infection. Because it contributes to the growing drug resistance problem. rinse thoroughly with warm water scrub for an additional 3 minutes using the sponge side discard brush-sponge rinse hands and forearms thoroughly and dry with a sterile towelIf we break the term down into its component parts, we have inter (meaning between), digital (meaning toes or fingers) and cysts being a closed, bladder-like sac formed in animal tissues, containing fluid or semifluid matter. The epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that interdigital dermatitis is the inciting cause of interdigital cysts, and statistical analysis revealed that age, body condition score, and type of flooring were all significant factors in the occurrence of inter digital cysts. Sebaceous cysts can be easily moved under. Dog owners should first contact their vet for recommendations on treatment for the cysts and then implement at-home remedies. How to pick the right paw balm. Interdigital cysts are large bumps, or nodules, between a dog’s toes. Endometriosis causes chocolate cysts. Foreign body reactions to embedded hair shafts will prolong the infection. If they do not, they may require surgery to remove them. If they do not, they may require surgery to remove them. My shepherd had interdigital cysts in between all of his toes and it turned out to be a food allergy. These painful cysts can rupture and leak clear or blood-tinged fluid. Painless and otherwise harmless, sebaceous cysts can sometimes get infected. However, there are no recommendations for the appropriate concentration or dosage of these agents. If the cyst becomes infected, it will leak cream-coloured fluid. 05). In this study, the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (Chx-Glu) was investigated in the treatment of experimental intraperitoneal hydatidosis. Interdigital cysts usually appear as red nodules filled with blood and/or pus. They can be one or more fleshy. Silver is known to destroy all kinds of cells and not just bacterial ones. Therefore, we are simply talking about a fluid-filled lump between the toes which is usually found on the webbing between. It is a frustrating disorder to manage. 1. Interdigital cysts are another problem that can affect a variety of breeds including Bull Terriers and Dobermanns. ” But they are always. Objectives: To determine the in vivo antibacterial effect and tolerability of topical diluted bleach application and to assess its in vitro effect on skin barrier lipids and anti. The major differential diagnoses are traumatic lesions, foreign bodies, follicular comedone cysts, and neoplasia, although the latter is rare. Topical application of nystatin is also effective for candidiasis but it is ineffective against dermatophytosis. Apply a Sooting Balm twice a day. Interdigital Cyst on Dogs : Treatment Options Because interdigital cysts are often associated with deep infection, they are typically treated with antibiotics. Surgical excision was indicated under effect of local infiltration anesthesia using Xylocaine HCL 0. com. Causes. It is deactivated by anionic compounds, including the anionic. Treatment is aimed at treating the secondary infection (most likely bacterial infection ) with oral antibiotics and reducing the. 04% can be used safely in the treatment of intraperitoneal hydatidosis and hydatid cyst. If there is licking, you must fit the dog with an elizabethan collar, which you can buy from your vet or from most pet stores. My dog use to get them off and on between different toes. Medication. Tea tree oil. Providing the wound is superficial, the foot can be washed with clean water (a small amount of salt or antiseptic such as chlorhexidine can be added) three times a day and the wound should be protected by applying a thick sock or a commercial "boot" designed specifically to protect dogs feet. 6. Diagnosis of Interdigital Furunculosis in Dogs. “Interdigital cyst” is a misnomer; cysts are thin-walled sac that contains fluid. That rupture leaves the skin open and at risk of bacterial infection. Again, this should be done under the guidance of a veterinarian. My bulldog Hero has been suffering from interdigital cysts quite often of late. Often referred to as 'interdigital cysts' but are actually interdigital pyoderma NOT cysts. Panolog Ointment is a topical medication used to treat ear and skin infections and/or allergies. (Actually interdigital cyst is a common way to refer to this kind of bump, though technically incorrect. . Paediatricians will frequently encounter acne in their practice, and have an important role in identifying and advising patients who require treatment. Heat around the lump. Surgery tends to be the least recommended option because the affected webbing is removed and the toes are fused together; this can lead to orthopedic issues in the future because the structure of the paw is changed. Submit…4. They could use an antibiotic solution (chlorhexidine) in hte water and afterwards could use wraps or bandages to keep the dog from licking it. Side Note: If this is a regular occurrence, you. Staphylococcus aureus aureus), occurring in up to 75% of cases; many patients infected with MRSA do not have risk factors [1, 2, 3]. Topical foot soaks in warm water with or without an antibiotic solution (eg, chlorhexidine) and the application of mupiricin ointment are recommended. If there is an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed for 4 to 6 weeks. Basically it's just natural organic paste made from coconut oil, turmeric powder, lecithin powder. 4. While they can occur in any breed of dog, cysts are most commonly seen in large and giant breeds. Vitamin E – This is beneficial to both the inside and outside skin of your dog. Be gentle during this process to avoid causing any further discomfort. In order to better understand their etiology, we completed a retrospective analysis of epidemiologic factors by using the clinical records from 743 research Beagles at our research site. Firstly, wash your hands. Limping. What Is An Interdigital Cyst? Interdigital Cysts are bumpy sores between the toes; they are usually red and filled with pus or blood. Blackheads Between A Dog's Toes (Interdigital Furunculosis) Cysts and clogged hair follicles (comedones) may be also occasionally seen in the webbing between a dog's toes. Other furuncle treatment measures, based on the underlying cause, can include: Allergy testing followed by removing allergens from environment. Many cases are mild and may be considered “physiological”, but others can be very severe and lead to permanent scarring. Risk of Bacterial Infection. 50. Be gentle during this process to avoid causing any further discomfort. Some psychological problems can cause a dog to lick this area excessively, resulting in dermatitis. Interdigital Cyst Question. Redness or inflammation in the area. . Symptoms of Interdigital Cyst Dog Cancer: There are many symptoms of interdigital cyst dog cancer, Some symptoms include. Interdigital Cysts Nicole A Heinrich DVM DACVD McKeever Dermatology Clinics 952-946-0035 Interdigital cyst is a term that actually refers to interdigital furunculosis. Helpful in cases of dermatofibromas to rule out concurrent renal cyst adenocarcinomas 8. Endometrial tissue can attach to the. Barber's interdigital pilonidal sinus of the hand: A foreign body hair granuloma Interdigital pilonidal sinus of the hand is an occupational disease of male barbers. Interdigital cysts in dogs can be painful for your pup and somewhat challenging to treat. 1. They may also bleed or ooze thin, clear-to-yellow fluid. Its use is highly recommended for dissolving different types of cyst. 4% topical stannous fluoride gel for bacterial skin infections in horses; 0. 5% w/v in 70% v/v) (n total = 25; included in trial analysis n = 25) Number of bacterial colony forming units pre- and post-treatment with surgical site skin preparation taken from three sites (medial hallucal nail fold, interdigital web-spaces and the dorsal aspect of the. We have been soaking his paw in Epsom salt water and had some success but is there anyway to prevent. Interstitial pneumonia, demodicosis, interdigital cysts,. Post author: Post published: April 2, 2023 Post category: metropolitan police camera processing services contact number Post comments: used hurricane boat trailers for sale used hurricane boat trailers for saleUses. 3, 4), and the. Growth assay . Typically based on clinical signs. They are most commonly found on the front paws. Found. . Hi All, Im looking for some advice. Interdigital cysts are inflamed and infected tissue in the webbing between a dog’s toes. An interdigital cyst can cause itchiness as well as outright pain. Do this twice a day for several days until the cysts start to heal. Cases of canine pododermatitis are common in general practice. Once we cut that out of his diet they went away completely! Reactions: raven414a. 04% was found to be the most potent, nontoxic agent; it is easily available, inexpensive, and highly potent in a short period of time at the low concentration.